Endocrine Health

Turner Syndrome - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Turner Syndrome

2010-09-23T21:48:00.004+08:00

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition affecting females caused by a partially or completely missing X chromosome. Turner syndrome affects approximately 1 out of every 2,500 female live births worldwide. Most humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes. Contained in the chromosomes are your genes and DNA. The last pair of chromosomes (23rd pair) determine whether you become a boy or a

Rare Adrenal Disorder Gene Appears To Trigger Cell Death, NIH Study Says

2010-07-14T09:59:00.001+08:00

Mice Lacking Gene Develop Excess Adrenal Tissue, Tumors A gene implicated in Carney complex, a rare disorder of the adrenal glands, appears to function as a molecular switch to limit cell growth and division, according to a study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health and other institutions. Mice lacking functional copies of the gene in the adrenal glands developed an overgrowth of

Thyroid Function Tests - Common Radiologic Tests for Thyroid Function

2010-07-10T14:00:00.004+08:00

Radiologic tests that use radioactive materials evaluate how the thyroid is functioning and create pictures of the gland to further pinpoint the cause of thyroid disorders. These tests may be recommended by your doctor to aid in proper diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. RAIU Test The thyroid uses iodine from food to make

Tests for Thyroid Disorders

2010-07-10T12:09:00.004+08:00

Thyroid Function Tests for Thyroid Disorders Thyroid function tests are diagnostic procedures used to evaluate your thyroid gland's functioning. It can also be used to detect the cause of your thyroid disease. Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck just below the Adam's apple (voice box). It produces two thyroid hormones, the triiodothyronine (T3) and

Hypoparathyroidism - What is Hypoparathyroidism?

2010-02-13T12:26:00.004+08:00

Hypoparathyroidism, also called underactive parathyroids, is an endocrine problem wherein too little parathyroid hormone is produced by your parathyroid glands. These small glands are attached to the back portion of your thyroid gland in your neck. The parathyroid hormone helps control your levels of phosphorus and calcium in your. Hypoparathyroidism Symptoms In

Pituitary - What are the Two Divisions of the Pituitary?

2010-01-28T10:09:00.005+08:00

The pituitary is a small gland located in your brain. It is protected by a bony depression in the sphenoid bone. The pituitary is comprised of two lobes: the anterior (front) lobe and the posterior (back) lobe. These two divisions or lobes of the pituitary produce different types of hormones that are vital for normal functions of other endocrine organs and other body organs as well. Anterior

Hypothyroidism - What is Hypothyroidism?

2010-01-28T10:06:00.003+08:00

Hypothyroidism means that your thyroid gland is underactive. The thyroid—a butterfly- shaped organ in your neck, just below your Adam’s apple—produces very little thyroid hormone. As a result, your metabolism slows down. Metabolism is the way your body uses energy. Symptoms of Hypothyroidism The most common symptom of hypothyroidism is weakness or fatigue. Other symptoms of the

Hypothyroidism at a Glance

2010-01-03T09:48:00.003+08:00

Hypothyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland produces very little thyroid hormones. Your thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in front of your neck, just below your Adam’s apple. According to the National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service, thyroid hormones play an important role in metabolism, breathing, heart and nervous system functions, body temperature, muscle

Propylthiouracil (PTU), an anti-thyroid drug, associated with risk of serious liver injury

2009-06-04T21:34:00.005+08:00

FDA Alert (Rockville, Md., June 3, 2009)--The U.S. FDA warned healthcare professionals of the risk of serious liver injury, including liver failure and death, with the use of the anti-thyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) in adult and pediatric patients. Reports to FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) suggest there is an increased risk of hepatotoxicity with PTU when

Thyroid Disorders Fact Sheets

2009-05-23T14:25:00.007+08:00

Thyroid disorders affect millions of people around the world. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), thyroid problems affects as many as 27 million Americans. The thyroid gland is a two-inch-long, butterfly-shaped organ located in front of the neck. It produces two hormones, which affect critical body functions, including: metabolism  brain development 

Thyroid Disorders - Thyroid Gland Disorders

2009-05-13T15:42:00.011+08:00

Thyroid disorders affect almost all of the major systems of the body. It accounts for most of the disorders of the endocrine system. Disorders that affect the thyroid gland include hypothyrodism (under active thyroid), hyperthyroidism (over active thyroid), and goiter. HypothyroidismPresent at birth, congenital hypothyroidism is a condition in which there is a decrease in the

Adrenal Gland Hormones - Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

2009-05-11T13:40:00.004+08:00

Most people have paired adrenal glands, also called suprarenal glands. One of which sits on top of each kidney. Each adrenal gland consists of an outer and inner portion. The outer layer is called the adrenal cortex and the inner layer is called the adrenal medulla. Hormones produced by the adrenal gland include mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens (sex hormones), epinephrine and

Pancreas - Hormones Produced by the Pancreas

2009-05-11T13:16:00.004+08:00

Your pancreas is a large elongated gland located behind your stomach. It is near the duodenum—the first part of your small intestine. The pancreas is considered as a part of the digestive system as well as the endocrine system. Its major function in digestive processes is to produce digestive enzymes, which help in breakdown of ingested food. As part of your endocrine system, your pancreas

Prolactinoma: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2009-05-01T13:11:00.005+08:00

Prolactinoma is a type of benign (noncancerous) tumor that affects your pituitary gland. Prolactin is one of the hormones produced by the pituitary. It acts to stimulate the breast to produce milk during pregnancy. After the baby is delivered, the mother’s prolactin levels decline unless she breast feeds her infant. Every time the baby nurses, prolactin levels will rise to maintain milk

Pituitary Gland Hormones - Common Pituitary Gland Hormones

2008-12-13T21:32:00.008+08:00

Hormones produced by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, just behind the bridge of the nose. Although a small structure, the pituitary makes many important hormones that have effects on body functions. The following are the different hormones produced by the pituitary gland and their major effects. Growth Hormone Your parathyroids secrete PTH, which helps in maintaining the right balance of calcium and phosphorus in your body. It helps regulate

Hormones - What Are Hormones?

2008-11-09T19:05:00.006+08:00

Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers. Most of these hormones travel in the bloodstream where they are transported to tissues or organs. These chemical messengers are made by your endocrine glands — special groups of cells that make hormones. Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, and the pancreas. The testes in

Hypoparathyroidism - Underactive Parathyroids

2008-11-09T01:27:00.007+08:00

Other Name: Underactive parathyroid gland Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition in which your parathyroid glands do not make enough parathyroid hormone, or PTH. The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands that are located in the neck just on the back portion of your thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone helps your body in regulating the normal amounts of phosphorus and calcium in your blood

Acromegaly - All About Acromegaly - Growth Disorder

2008-11-08T21:10:00.007+08:00

Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder, which results from having too much growth hormone (GH) in the body. GH is produced by the pituitary gland — a small endocrine gland in the brain. This rare hormonal disorder is commonly due to excess growth hormone secretion from benign, or noncancerous tumors on the pituitary. Acromegaly can result in serious health problems if it remains

Graves' Disease - All About Graves' Disease

2008-11-05T14:34:00.007+08:00

Graves’ disease, also called toxic diffuse goiter, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Hyperthyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, produces and secretes more thyroid hormones than the body needs. Thyroid hormones has effects on Metabolism  Heart and nervous system functions  Brain development  Breathing  Body temperature

Addison's Disease - About Addison's Disease (Hypocortisolism)

2008-11-05T12:19:00.005+08:00

Addison’s disease, also called adrenal insufficiency or hypocortisolism, is an endocrine disorder characterized by: Weight loss  Muscle weakness  Fatigue that gets worse over time  Low blood pressure  Darkening of the skinAddison’s disease occurs when your adrenal glands become underactive or are unable to produce enough cortisol and, in some cases, aldosterone. It can occur

Cushing's Syndrome - About Cushing's Syndrome (Hypercortisolism)

2008-11-04T19:43:00.009+08:00

Cushing’s syndrome, also called hypercortisolism, is a relatively rare endocrine disorder commonly affecting adults aged 20 to 50. It results from long-term exposure of the body’s tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol performs many tasks in the body including helping maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular

Growth Disorders - Overview of Growth Disorders

2008-10-19T16:49:00.007+08:00

Dwarfism, Gigantism (Giantism), and Acromegaly Have you noticed that your child seem shorter, or much taller than other kids his or her age? This could be normal, yet it could also be a sign of a problem. Having a very slow or very fast growth rate can sometimes signal an endocrine gland disorder or disease. The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland in the brain.

Pancreas - About the Pancreas

2008-10-18T23:38:00.007+08:00

The pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach and near the duodenum—the first part of the small intestine. It is considered both as parts of the digestive and endocrine systems. The pancreas produces and secretes enzymes, or digestive juices (a digestive function) into the duodenum through a tube called the pancreatic duct. The pancreatic enzymes help break down food. The

Pituitary Gland - The Pituitary Gland

2008-10-18T10:43:00.006+08:00

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. The pituitary is considered as the "master control gland" of hormone production because it controls the activity of most other glands in the body. This endocrine gland makes and releases a variety of hormones that can affect metabolism, blood pressure, sexuality, reproduction, the stress response, and other

Adrenal Glands - All About the Adrenal Glands

2008-10-18T08:39:00.010+08:00

The adrenal glands, also called suprarenal glands, are located just above the kidneys. Adrenal gland hormones include cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones. The adrenal gland hormones control many important bodily functions, such as:  maintaining normal metabolic processes, such as regulating blood sugar levels  controlling inflammation  maintaining balance of salt and water in the body

Parathyroid Glands - Your Parathyroid Glands

2008-10-17T13:40:00.006+08:00

Your parathyroid glands, also called parathyroids, are four pea-sized glands located or attached at the back of your thyroid gland. Though their names are almost similar, the thyroid and parathyroids are completely different. Each of these glands produces distinct hormones with specific functions. The parathyroid glands make and secrete a hormone called the parathyroid hormone, or PTH. The

Hypothyroidism - What is Hypothyrodism?

2008-10-16T22:58:00.006+08:00

Article SectionsDescription Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Reference & Resources Hypothyroidism (An Underactive Thyroid) Hypothyroidism is a thyroid disorder, which means an underactive thyroid, in which not enough thyroid hormone is produced to meet the body’s needs. As a result, many of the body’s functions slow down. This condition may be caused by a variety of conditions including

Hypothyroidism Symptoms

2008-10-16T19:24:00.004+08:00

Article SectionsHypothyroidism Introduction Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Reference & Resources Symptoms of hypothyroidism may vary from person to person. Some of the common symptoms of the condition include: fatigue  puffy face  weight gain  joint and muscle pain  intolerance to cold temperatures  constipation  dry, thinning hair  decline in sweating  slowed heart

Hypothyroidism Causes

2008-10-16T19:15:00.007+08:00

Article SectionsDescription Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Reference & Resources The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States is a condition called Hashimoto’s disease. Hashimoto’s disease, also called chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a type of an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases or disorders occur when the body’s immune system attacks the body’s normal tissues

Hypothyroidism Diagnosis

2008-10-16T19:03:00.003+08:00

Article SectionsHypothyroidism Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Reference & Resources Many symptoms of hypothyroidism resemble those of other conditions, that is it usually difficult to diagnose the condition based on symptoms alone. Aside from noting the symptoms, the doctor will also likely take a medical history and perform a thorough physical examination. To confirm the

Hypothyroidism Treatment

2008-10-16T18:53:00.002+08:00

Article SectionsHypothyroidism Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Reference & Resources Hypothyroidism is usually treated with synthetic thyroxine. The synthetic thyroxine is identical to T4, which is normally made by the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism can almost always be managed with synthetic thyroxine as long as the recommended dose is taken regularly as instructed by the

Hypothyroidism Reference and Resources

2008-10-16T18:35:00.003+08:00

Article SectionsHypothyroidism Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Reference & Resources Other Resources: For more information about hypothyroidism, you may visit the following organizations: (Note: Links open in new window) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Internet: www.aace.com American Thyroid Association Internet: www.thyroid.org The Endocrine Society

Thyroid Diseases - Overview of Thyroid Diseases

2008-10-16T15:32:00.006+08:00

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck just below the Adam’s apple. The thyroid produces hormones that help set metabolism—how the body gets and uses energy—and regulate levels of calcium in the blood. In the United States, millions of people are affected with thyroid diseases or disorders. Most of those affected with thyroid disorders are women. Thyroid diseases may

Hyperthyroidism Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

2008-10-15T17:10:00.008+08:00

Article SectionsHyperthyroidism Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment References and Resources Hyperthyroidism (An Overactive Thyroid) Hyperthyroidism is a disorder of the thyroid gland in which too much thyroid hormone is produced. The medical term for too much thyroid hormone in the blood is called thyrotoxicosis. Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Thyroid The thyroid gland is a

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms

2008-10-15T17:04:00.005+08:00

Article SectionsDescription Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment References and Resources Common Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism can cause symptoms that may vary from person to person. Some of the common signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include: fatigue or muscle weakness  heat intolerance  nervousness or irritability  rapid and irregular beating of the

Hyperthyroidism Causes

2008-10-15T16:57:00.004+08:00

Article SectionsDescription Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment References and Resources Causes of Hyperthyroidism The thyroid normally releases the right amount of hormones in the blood. However, a variety of conditions can cause the thyroid to produce and release too much thyroid hormone, which may include:Graves’ Disease. Also known as toxic diffuse goiter, Graves’ disease is an

Hyperthyroidism Diagnosis

2008-10-15T16:50:00.004+08:00

Article SectionsHyperthyroidism Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment References and Resources Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism To diagnose hyperthyroidism, your doctor will base it on your signs and symptoms and result of physical exam. To confirm diagnosis and to find its cause, your doctor may use several diagnostic tests. A diagnostic test called the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH

Hyperthyroidism Treatment

2008-10-15T16:43:00.005+08:00

Article SectionsHyperthyroidism Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment References and Resources Treatment options for Hyperthyroidism Treatment of hyperthyroidism will depend on its cause and severity. No single treatment works for everyone. In choosing a treatment, the doctor will also consider the following: the patient’s age  possible allergies to or side effects of medications

Hyperthyroidism: References

2008-10-15T16:29:00.004+08:00

Article SectionsDescription Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment References and Resources References for the topic - Hyperthyroidism: National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service (April 2008). Hyperthyroidism (NIH Publication No. 08-5415). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Web URL:

About Endocrine Health

2008-10-13T18:49:00.009+08:00

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Thyroid Gland - Functions of the Thyroid Gland

2008-10-13T14:09:00.007+08:00

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland measuring about 2 inches long and weighs less than an ounce. It is a two-lobed gland located in front of the neck just below the voice box, or larynx. Your thyroid gland is a part of your endocrine system. The endocrine glands function to produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones released in the bloodstream travel through the body